Components of Iron Deficiency Anemia: Understanding Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Nyambura Achieng M.

School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent global health concern, marked by a significant reduction in iron levels, leading to diminished hemoglobin production and compromised oxygen transport. This condition disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, including women of reproductive age, infants, and individuals in low-resource settings, resulting in a multitude of health complications. The pathophysiology of IDA involves complex interactions between dietary iron intake, increased physiological demands, chronic blood loss, and malabsorption syndromes. Clinically, IDA manifests through symptoms such as fatigue, pallor, and cognitive impairments, necessitating a thorough diagnostic approach that includes complete blood counts, iron studies, and reticulocyte counts. Effective management strategies encompass dietary modifications, iron supplementation, and treatment of underlying causes. Furthermore, preventive measures—such as public health initiatives and food fortification—are crucial in addressing the root causes of IDA. Emerging research suggests innovative approaches, including bioavailable iron sources and genetic studies, to enhance prevention and treatment efforts. This review comprehensively examines the components of IDA, providing insights into its pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and future directions for research and intervention.

Keywords Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management, Dietary iron.

CITE AS: Nyambura Achieng M. (2024). Components of Iron Deficiency Anemia: Understanding Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. IDOSR JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES 9(3):29-34. https://doi.org/10.59298/IDOSRJAS/2024/9.3.293400