Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Coexisting Diabetes and Hypertension: A Comprehensive Review

Mwende Wairimu G.

School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remained the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with diabetes and hypertension serving as significant contributors to this burden. The coexistence of these two chronic conditions (diabetes and hypertension) exacerbated cardiovascular risk through complex pathophysiological interactions, including insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and vascular remodeling. This review provided an in-depth analysis of the cardiovascular risks associated with the coexistence of diabetes and hypertension, emphasizing the multifaceted interplay between these conditions. Utilizing a comprehensive literature review and analysis of current clinical practices, the article explored key pathophysiological mechanisms, assessed cardiovascular risk assessment strategies, and evaluated management approaches. Effective management necessitated a combined approach of pharmacological treatment, lifestyle modifications, and integrated care strategies. Future research should focus on novel therapeutic agents and integrated management strategies to enhance our understanding and treatment of these interrelated conditions, aiming to reduce cardiovascular risk and improve patient outcomes.

Keywords: Cardiovascular Risk, Diabetes and Hypertension, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Risk Assessment, Management Strategies.

CITE AS: Mwende Wairimu G. (2024). Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Coexisting Diabetes and Hypertension: A Comprehensive Review. IDOSR JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCES 9(3):53-57. https://doi.org/10.59298/IDOSRJAS/2024/9.3.535700