Transmission Dynamics: From Human Host to Mosquito Vector

Nyiramana Mukamurera P.

Faculty of Medicine Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Malaria remains a formidable global health challenge, with its transmission intricately linked to the interaction between Plasmodium parasites and Anopheles mosquitoes. This review delves into the transmission dynamics of malaria, tracing the journey of the parasite from human hosts to mosquito vectors and exploring the complex mechanisms underlying this process. The transmission cycle begins when an infected female Anopheles mosquito feeds on a human, introducing Plasmodium sporozoites into the bloodstream. These sporozoites migrate to the liver, where they replicate asexually, leading to the release of merozoites into the blood. The blood stage is marked by the invasion of red blood cells by merozoites, leading to symptomatic malaria and the production of gametocytes essential for transmission. Factors such as mosquito species, feeding behavior, and environmental conditions influence transmission efficiency. The review also examines host-vector interactions, highlighting how human immune responses and genetic factors affect gametocyte production and transmission dynamics, while mosquitoes’ immune mechanisms and genetic variations play a role in parasite development and transmission. Effective malaria control requires a multifaceted approach, including insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying, antimalarial drugs, and vaccines, complemented by emerging technologies such as genetically modified mosquitoes and advanced diagnostic tools. By understanding the intricate transmission dynamics and integrating various control strategies, researchers and public health officials can develop more effective interventions to combat malaria and move towards its eradication.

Keywords: Transmission Dynamics, Human Host, Mosquito Vector, Malaria

CITE AS: Nyiramana Mukamurera P. (2024). Transmission Dynamics: From Human Host to Mosquito Vector. IDOSR JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACY 9(3):11-15. https://doi.org/10.59298/IDOSR/JBCP/24/93.1115000