Linking Malaria and Hypertension: Unveiling the Interconnected Pathophysiological Nexus
Nkiruka R Ukibe1, Joseph Chukwudi Alex1, N.O. Osakue1, Ezinne G. Ukibe2, Blessing C. Ukibe2, Victory Ezennia Ukibe3 and *Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu4
1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria.
2Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria.
3Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, P. M. B 5025, Anambra State, Nigeria.
4Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda.
*Corresponding author: Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda, emmanuelobeagu@yahoo.com, ORCID: 0000-0002-4538-0161
ABSTRACT
Malaria, a devastating infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, has long been recognized for its direct impact on global health. Recent studies have unveiled a potential connection between malaria infection and the development of hypertension, a prevalent cardiovascular disorder worldwide. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms linking these seemingly disparate conditions is crucial for comprehensive disease management and prevention. The pathogenesis of malaria involves complex interactions between the parasite and the host immune system, resulting in systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and organ damage. Chronic exposure to Plasmodium infection induces alterations in vascular function, hemodynamics, and immune responses, potentially contributing to the development of hypertension. Several proposed mechanisms underscore the link between malaria and hypertension, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). These mechanisms intertwine to disturb vascular homeostasis, leading to increased peripheral resistance and elevated blood pressure. Furthermore, the long-term consequences of repeated malaria episodes, especially in endemic regions, may potentiate vascular remodeling and contribute to the onset or exacerbation of hypertension in affected individuals. Genetic predispositions and environmental factors also play pivotal roles in modulating susceptibility to both malaria and hypertension. Recognition of this intricate association between malaria and hypertension prompts the necessity for integrated healthcare approaches encompassing effective malaria control strategies, early detection, and management of hypertension in endemic regions. Targeted interventions addressing common pathways, such as inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, may offer potential therapeutic avenues.
Keywords: Malaria, Hypertension, Pathophysiology, Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, Plasmodium Parasites, Cardiovascular Disorders, Immune Response, Vascular Remodeling, Global Health.
CITE AS: Nkiruka R Ukibe, Joseph Chukwudi Alex, N.O. Osakue, Ezinne G. Ukibe, Blessing C. Ukibe, Victory Ezennia Ukibe and Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu (2024). Linking Malaria and Hypertension: Unveiling the Interconnected Pathophysiological Nexus. IDOSR JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 9(1) 12-19. https://doi.org/10.59298/IDOSRJSR/2024/1.1.1219.100